Rockets

Chinese Rocket Launch Cost: What a Long March Flight Costs

China Great Wall prices a Long March telecom launch near $70 million. Published per-flight and per-kilogram figures for Long March, Lijian and Zhuque-3.

According to China Great Wall Industry Corporation, the state-owned company that markets Long March launches internationally, a commercial flight for a telecommunications satellite costs around $70 million. Prices vary widely by rocket, from roughly $30 million for the smaller Long March 2D to about $160 million for the heavy-lift Long March 5.

But those are China’s published prices. Most Chinese launches operate outside that market: they’re purchased domestically in yuan by customers within the same state system that builds the rockets.

Published Chinese Launch Prices

VehicleOperatorPublished pricePayload to low Earth orbitApproximate cost per kg
Long March 2DCASCAbout $30 million3,500 kgRoughly $8,600
Long March 3BCASC$50 million to $70 million11,500 kg to low Earth orbit, 5,500 kg to geostationary transfer orbitAbout 70,900 yuan per kg on a 2023 average
Long March 5CASCAbout $160 million25,000 kgRoughly $6,400
Long March, telecom missionsChina Great Wall Industry CorporationAbout $70 millionVaries by variantNot published per kg
Lijian-2CAS SpaceAbout 30,000 yuan per kgNot publishedRoughly $4,350
Zhuque-3LandSpaceTarget of 20,000 yuan per kg11,800 kg expendableRoughly $2,900 if reached

Figures are the operators’ own published or reported prices as of 2026. Dollar conversions are approximate and move with the exchange rate. Confirm any current Long March figure with China Great Wall Industry Corporation before using it.

What the $70 Million Price Buys

China Great Wall has held its telecom launch price near $70 million and has said the figure reflects the Long March record rather than a discount strategy. That price buys a launch to geostationary transfer orbit for a communications satellite, the segment where Chinese rockets compete for international business.

The comparison people reach for is Falcon 9, which SpaceX advertises around the same headline number for a much larger payload to low Earth orbit. At the same headline price, Falcon 9 delivers far more mass per dollar.

Export sales are also a small slice of what China launches. Most Long March flights carry Chinese government or state-linked payloads, and the price attached to those is an internal accounting figure rather than a bid.

Per-Kilogram Prices Fell While Per-Flight Prices Held

The Long March 3B averaged about 390 million yuan per mission in 2023 according to figures reported in Chinese industry press, which works out near 70,900 yuan per kilogram against its 5.5-metric-ton capacity to geostationary transfer orbit. That is the baseline China’s commercial newcomers are undercutting.

CAS Space debuted Lijian-2 in April 2026 at about 30,000 yuan per kilogram, roughly $4,350, without reusing anything. Cutting the state rate by more than half on an expendable rocket suggests the older price reflects production methods and overhead rather than physics.

LandSpace has framed Zhuque-3 as cutting Chinese launch costs from about 100,000 yuan per kilogram to about 20,000. Both ends of that claim deserve care. The starting figure is higher than the Long March 3B average above, and the ending figure assumes each booster flies many times.

Reuse Has Not Changed Any Price Yet

No published Chinese launch price reflects a reused booster, because no Chinese booster has flown twice. Two stages came home in 2026: the Long March 10B was caught at sea on 10 July and Zhuque-3 landed on legs on 18 August. The Zhuque-3 stage later toppled after a post-landing fire.

The missing number is refurbishment cost. A booster that comes back and needs its engines rebuilt saves far less than one that needs only an inspection. The difference between those two outcomes is the entire economic case for landing rockets. SpaceX took about fifteen months from its first landing to its first reflight to find out where on that range Falcon 9 sat.

Current status for each Chinese program is on the China reusable rockets page.

Three Things That Hold Chinese Prices Down

Three things hold Chinese launch prices down, and only one of them is reuse.

  • Labor and materials. Engineering and manufacturing wages are lower in China than in the United States or Europe, and a rocket is a labor-heavy product built in small numbers.
  • Commodity structures. Zhuque-3 uses stainless steel rather than aerospace aluminum alloy. Steel costs a fraction as much per ton and can be welded in an ordinary industrial shop.
  • Volume. China flew 92 orbital launches in 2025 and targeted roughly 140 in 2026. Building that many rockets spreads fixed tooling and factory costs across more units than a program flying a handful of times a year.

None of those is a reusability effect. They explain why an expendable Chinese rocket can undercut an expendable Western one, and they set the floor that reuse would then have to beat.

What the Cheap Price Does Not Buy

A low per-kilogram figure is not the whole cost of using a Chinese rocket, and for many satellite operators the constraint is regulatory rather than financial. United States export rules under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), administered by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, treat most satellite hardware as a controlled item, which effectively blocks American-built satellites from launching on Chinese vehicles. That removes a large share of the commercial market regardless of price.

Insurance and schedule also move the total. A launch is one line in a satellite program that includes the spacecraft, the insurance premium, and the cost of waiting for a slot. An operator choosing between rockets is comparing delivered-to-orbit cost and risk.

What Would Change These Figures

The same distinction between a published price, a stated target and an outside estimate governs the American side, which what a Starship launch costs works through. A reflown Chinese booster would replace every projection here with a rate. Until one flies, the 20,000 yuan per kilogram target is a plan and the published Long March prices are the only measured numbers available.

Wider disclosure would change it too. If Chinese commercial operators begin publishing rate cards the way Western providers do, the per-kilogram column stops being assembled from reported averages. To check a current figure before relying on it, request pricing through the China Great Wall Industry Corporation contact page for Long March missions, and compare it against the published Falcon 9 capabilities page.

Frequently asked questions

How much does a Long March launch cost?

China Great Wall Industry Corporation, the state marketing arm for commercial Long March flights, has held its price for telecommunications satellite missions at about $70 million. Published estimates for individual variants vary widely: roughly $30 million for a Long March 2D, $50 million to $70 million for a Long March 3B, and around $160 million for the heavy-lift Long March 5.

Is Chinese launch cheaper than SpaceX?

Not clearly, on published figures. SpaceX advertises Falcon 9 near $70 million for up to about 22 metric tons to low Earth orbit, which works out near $3,000 per kilogram at full payload. A Long March 3B at roughly 70,900 yuan per kilogram works out several times higher. Chinese newcomers price lower: CAS Space listed Lijian-2 at about 30,000 yuan per kilogram, roughly $4,350.

What is China's cheapest rocket per kilogram?

Among published prices, CAS Space's Lijian-2 is the lowest at about 30,000 yuan per kilogram on its April 2026 debut, roughly $4,350 per kilogram. That is a non-reusable price. LandSpace has said Zhuque-3 aims to reach about 20,000 yuan per kilogram, but that target depends on reflying boosters, which no Chinese operator has done.

Why is Chinese launch pricing hard to compare?

Most Chinese launches are bought domestically in yuan by state-linked customers rather than won in open international bidding, so a quoted price reflects an internal transfer as much as a market rate. Prices are also published as targets or debut rates rather than sustained averages. Export sales through China Great Wall are the exception, and those carry a published dollar figure.

How much would a reusable Chinese rocket cost per launch?

No figure exists yet, because no Chinese booster has flown twice. LandSpace has stated a goal of cutting costs from roughly 100,000 yuan per kilogram to about 20,000, a fivefold reduction that assumes many flights per booster. Until a recovered stage is inspected, refurbished and reflown, the refurbishment cost that decides the real number is unknown.